Moving to Germany as an expat is an exciting adventure, but one of the most critical things to sort out is health insurance. Germany has one of the best healthcare systems in the world, and health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. Whether you’re employed, self-employed, or studying, having the right coverage is essential.
In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about health insurance for expats in Germany, including the different types, costs, and how to choose the right plan.
1. Is Health Insurance Mandatory in Germany?
Yes! Health insurance (Krankenversicherung) is legally required for all residents. Without valid insurance, you won’t be able to register your address, get a visa, or receive medical treatment.
There are two main types of health insurance in Germany:
• Public health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – GKV)
• Private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung – PKV)
Each has its advantages and is suitable for different types of expats.
2. Public Health Insurance (GKV)
Who Can Use It?
Public health insurance is available to:
✅ Employees earning less than €69,300 per year (as of 2024)
✅ Students at German universities
✅ Unemployed residents receiving social benefits
✅ Some self-employed individuals (if they opt in)
How It Works
• You pay a percentage of your income (typically around 14.6% – 15.7%).
• Your employer covers half of the cost if you’re employed.
• Includes basic medical, dental, and hospital care.
Popular Public Insurance Providers
• TK (Techniker Krankenkasse) – great for English-speaking expats
• AOK – a widespread option across Germany
• Barmer – another large provider with good coverage
🔹 Pros of GKV: Lower cost for most employees, no medical underwriting, covers family members for free
🔹 Cons of GKV: Less flexibility, long waiting times for specialists
3. Private Health Insurance (PKV)
Who Can Use It?
Private health insurance is only available to:
✅ Employees earning over €69,300 per year
✅ Self-employed professionals and freelancers
✅ Students (optional, but sometimes cheaper)
How It Works
• Costs vary based on age, health condition, and coverage level.
• You get faster appointments, better hospital stays, and customized plans.
• Not ideal for families, as every member needs a separate policy.
Popular Private Insurance Providers
• Allianz
• DKV
• Ottonova (digital-first option for expats)
🔹 Pros of PKV: Shorter waiting times, better coverage, more flexibility
🔹 Cons of PKV: Can become expensive over time, difficult to switch back to public insurance
4. Health Insurance for Self-Employed Expats
As a self-employed expat, you can choose between public and private insurance.
• If you previously had public insurance, you may be allowed to stay in GKV.
• If not, you’ll likely need private insurance (PKV).
• Costs for private plans start around €200–€600 per month, depending on your age and health.
✅ Tip: Some freelancers can join Künstlersozialkasse (KSK), which helps cover insurance costs for artists and creatives.
5. Health Insurance for Students in Germany
If you’re an international student, you have two options:
1️⃣ Public Student Insurance (€120–€190/month) – Available if you’re under 30
2️⃣ Private Insurance – Can be cheaper but has fewer benefits
Many students choose public insurance, but private options like Mawista are popular for budget-friendly coverage.
6. How to Get Health Insurance as an Expat
1️⃣ Choose between public and private insurance.
2️⃣ Compare providers based on coverage, cost, and English support.
3️⃣ Apply online or through an English-speaking broker.
4️⃣ Receive your insurance card (Gesundheitskarte).
5️⃣ Use your card at doctors and hospitals to get treatment.
🔹 Recommended brokers for expats: Feather, Expatrio, and Simple Germany offer easy signup in English.
7. Can You Switch from Private to Public Insurance?
It’s very difficult to switch from private (PKV) back to public (GKV) unless:
• You earn below €69,300 per year.
• You become unemployed or a student under 30.
• You leave Germany and return under different conditions.
Think carefully before choosing private insurance, as it may be a lifelong commitment.
8. What If You Don’t Have Health Insurance?
Not having health insurance in Germany is illegal and can result in:
❌ Back payments (you may owe months of unpaid premiums)
❌ No access to healthcare (except emergencies)
❌ Visa and residency issues
If you’re uninsured, get coverage ASAP through public or private providers.
Final Thoughts
Health insurance in Germany might seem complicated, but it’s essential for living and working here legally.
👉 If you’re employed, public insurance is usually the best choice.
👉 If you’re self-employed or earn over €69,300, private insurance may be better.
👉 If you’re a student, look into public student plans or budget-friendly private options.
Need help? Consider consulting an expat health insurance broker to find the best plan for your situation.